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Wild West District Extension Blog

Author: Lacey Noterman

Avian Influenza Hits Close to Home

Posted on by Lacey Noterman

By: Lacey Noterman, Livestock Extension Agent

The Kansas Department of Agriculture is reminding Kansas Poultry producers to remain vigilant in their biosecurity practices.  This applies to everyone from commercial poultry growers to backyard flock owners and 4-H poultry members.  It is critical that everyone takes proper steps to isolate their birds and wild waterfowl migrating.  HPAI is caused by an influenza type A virus, which can infect poultry (chickens, turkeys, pheasants, quail, domestic ducks, geese, and guinea fowl) and is carried by fee flying waterfowl such as ducks, geese and shorebirds.

Avian influenza is contagious.  It exists naturally in many wild birds and can be transmitted by contact with infected birds or ingestion of infected food or water.  Although extremely rare, humans and other mammals can be vulnerable to the disease.

Avian influenza is caused by influenza Type A virus (influenza A). Avian-origin influenza viruses are broadly categorized based on a combination of two groups of proteins on the surface of the influenza A virus: hemagglutinin or “H” proteins, of which there are 16 (H1-H16), and neuraminidase or “N” proteins, of which there are 9 (N1-N9). Many different combinations of “H” and “N” proteins are possible. Each combination is considered a different subtype, and related viruses within a subtype may be referred to as a lineage. Avian influenza viruses are classified as either “low pathogenic” or “highly pathogenic” based on their genetic features and the severity of the disease they cause in poultry. Most viruses are of low pathogenicity, meaning that they cause no signs or only minor clinical signs of infection in poultry.

If you suspect your flock contracted the disease, quarantine the affected birds and area immediately.  Notify your veterinarian of any suspected cases.  Unfortunately, there is currently no effective treatment of the disease.

Ways to Prevent HPAI

  • Keep wild birds and contaminated birds away from your home or farm
  • Stay informed about the health of neighboring birds
  • New birds to your farm should be isolated
  • Restrict unauthorized traffic on and off your farm
  • Thoroughly disinfect any material entering and leaving the farm

Be a flock defender!  Biosecurity is the key to keeping our nation’s poultry healthy.  USDA’s Defend the Flock education program offers free tools and resources to help everyone who work with or handles poultry follow proper biosecurity practices.  These practices will help keep your birds healthy and reduce the risk of avian influenza and other infectious diseases.

For more information on culling strategies, contact Lacey Noterman, K-State Research and Extension Wild West District Livestock Agent at lnote@ksu.edu or stop by your local extension office.

 

Confirmations in Commercial and Backyard Flocks

Cow Culling Strategies

Posted on by Lacey Noterman

By: Lacey Noterman, District Livestock Extension Agent

Historically, cull cow prices will begin to rise in February and this year should be no exception.  Cow-calf producers need to closely evaluate their herds to determine which animals should be culled due to price of pasture or rangeland and the prospects of a tight hay supply.  When thinking about a reduction in your herd, be sure to consider the following:

  1. Non-pregnant or open cows should be culled. This also includes cows who have lost their calves during calving.
  2. Cows that have been identified as poor mothers. Cows that have unsound udders, teats, feet, and legs should be loaded on the truck.  If she can’t raise a calf by herself, she will not turn a profit.  Be sure to pay attention to the cow’s disposition. If that cow is making you jump the fence, get rid of her immediately.  She will never improve.  The older she gets the worse she will be.
  3. Older cows that are retained in the herd must be checked very carefully to insure they have a sound mouth and are likely to sustain productivity for at least one or two years. Watch for physical problems, such as early stages of cancer eye.
  4. Be sure to identify the productive and nonproductive females in your herd. Use your records to identify cows that have consistently weaned calves in the bottom 10-25% of your herd.  Use the last 2-3 years of information collected.  If that cow ranks low in both years, they should be a candidate for culling.
  5. Check cows for pregnancy as soon as possible following the breeding season. Most experienced ultrasound technicians are about 99% accurate on a 30 to 35-day old fetus.
  6. Evaluate the number of heifers that you need to keep for replacements. Keep in mind, heifers eat a whole lot less than cows, but they require a higher quality feed for growth.
  7. If pastures and forages are limited, consider early weaning of the calf at 45 to 90 days of age then sell the cow. Early weaned calves are efficient at converting feed to grain.  It is more economical and efficient to feed the calf directly than to feed the calf through feeding the cow during drought conditions.
  8. Be sure to keep an eye on your bulls as well. If they don’t meet your expectations put them on the truck following breeding season.

For more information on culling strategies, contact Lacey Noterman, K-State Research and Extension Wild West District Livestock Agent at lnote@ksu.edu or stop by your local extension office.

 

K-State Plans Six Calving Schools Around Kansas

Posted on by Lacey Noterman

By: Lacey Noterman

In anticipation of calving season, the Kansas State University Department of Animal Sciences and Industry and K-State Research and Extension are planning a series of calving schools beginning in December and continuing through January.

The program will outline overall calving management that includes stages of the normal calving process, and tips to handle difficult calving situations.

K-State Research and Extension beef veterinarian A.J. Tarpoff said the goals include increasing producers’ knowledge and practical skills, and the number of live calves born if they need assistance.

He said presenters will also share tips on when and how to intervene to assist the cow or heifer. They will also demonstrate proper use of calving equipment on a life-size cow and calf model.

“Our goal is for producers to leave better prepared for calving season,” Tarpoff said. “We will discuss timelines on when to examine cows for calving problems, and when to call your vet for help if things are not going well. We will also discuss calf care early in life. It’s an excellent program regardless of experience level.”

The meetings will have other timely educational topics, such as forage sampling/analysis, and vaccine care and handling.

Six calving schools are planned, including:

  • Wednesday. Dec. 15, 6 p.m., Fairgrounds Admin Building, Tonganoxie. RSVP to the Leavenworth Extension office at 913-364-5700, klohman@ksu.edu.
  • Thursday, Dec. 16, evening, Coffey County 4-H Building, Burlington. RSVP to the Coffey County Extension office, dhenson@ksu.edu.
  • Wednesday, Jan. 5, evening, Colby Event Center. RSVP to the Thomas County Extension office, ebennigsdorf@ksu.edu.
  • Thursday, Jan. 6, evening, Kearny County Fairgrounds, Lakin. RSVP to the Kearny County Extension office, hallieanderson@ksu.edu.
  • Tuesday, Jan. 11, evening, Fairview Community Center, Fairview. RSVP to the Brown County Extension office, mayoung@ksu.edu.
  • Thursday, Jan. 13, McPherson County 4-H Building, McPherson. RSVP to smarston@ksu.edu.

For more information on any of the six calving schools offered, contact Lacey Noterman, K-State Research and Extension Wild West District Livestock Agent at lnote@ksu.edu or stop by your local Extension Office.  You can also access more information online at KSUBeef.org.

 

Financial Planning for Senior Adults

Posted on by Lacey Noterman

By: Nancy Honig

We often think of financial planning for the times when we are young and starting to put money into savings. It could be for that first car, an engagement ring, a home, or retirement. But what we don’t often think about is that senior adults still need to think about budgeting and their financial future. They also need to consider what may happen to their assets when they are gone or if they are no longer able to take care of finances and their Caregivers become responsible.

It almost goes without saying but it is important for everyone to live within their means. As we age some expenses may go down while others such as medication or insurance go up. It is important to work with bankers, investment professionals and/or accountants to stay abreast of any changes in financial health. It is possible only one spouse was privy to that information and is no longer able to take care of the finances so the other may have no idea what their financial health is. If you are a caregiver who has been put in the role of helping with finances, it is important to know what the financial situation is.

Know where to find important documents.  Obviously, a will is the most important document family may think to have access to. Though wills are essential, there are many other documents a financial caregiver needs. Insurance policies, pension records, banking account and investments are just a few. Locate and organize these as soon as possible, so in the event of an emergency, all financial documents are together. It is also important that passwords to accounts are available and kept in a safe place. In today’s electronic society you can easily be locked out of taking care of important financial obligations if you don’t have the correct emails or passwords.

If you or a loved one is reaching the point where someone else may need to help step in and assist with or take care of finances, there are some important things to think about. First it needs to be decided who will take on those responsibilities. Will it be a spouse, children, siblings? It is important to have some family discussions to make sure everyone understands who will be responsible and what they will be doing. Finances can cause family hardships in a hurry so planning and discussions prior to handing over finances are critical. It is important to allow a loved one to retain their independence and feel included in decisions as well so make sure they are included if they possibly can be.

Consider automatic payment or direct deposit options. If a senior has not been doing this in the past this can certainly help simplify their bill paying options. If direct payments are made make sure they correspond with automatic deposits such as social security to prevent overdrafts if automatic payments are made prior to automatic deposits.

Once access to accounts and bill payments are set up, a caregiver should look to the future, and anticipate what’s to come. Take an inventory of assets versus debts to make sure bills can be adequately paid. There may be decisions that need to be made legally about adding others to accounts, or to sign a Durable Power of Attorney (DPOA).

The DPOA allows a caregiver legal power over their loved one, which can include real estate, financial and banking transactions. It is effective immediately after being signed and stays in place if the person becomes disabled or incompetent. The health care proxy allows a caregiver to make health care decisions for the person in the event they are unable to do so themselves. Some states also have living wills, which may act in place of the health care proxy.

These documents are particularly important because if there is no DPOA and health care proxy, and it develops that an elder lacks capacity to make financial or health care decision, then a guardianship (over the person) or conservatorship (over finances only) may need to be established by a court proceeding. This can be an expensive and complex legal process at a time when the elder and family face a medical or situational crisis.

There is much to think about as we age. Making sure we plan early and well can be a benefit to ourselves and our loved ones. Have those conversations, meet with those involved in your finances, and prepare now rather than later.

 

The Coyote

Posted on by Lacey Noterman

Coyote Chaos in Kansas | S1:E6 - YouTubeCoyotes are members of the dog family or Canidae and are much like dogs in many of their habits.  The scientific name of the coyote, Canis Latrans is Latin for “barking dog.”

Coyotes are found throughout Kansas as well as most of the North American continent.  In recent years, they have expanded their range into all of the United States.  In Kansas, coyotes are most abundant in the eastern two-thirds of the state.

The coyote is a great deal smaller than many people believe, averaging about two feet high at the front shoulders.  In Kansas, adult males average around 30 pounds while females average slightly smaller at 24 pounds.

There are 19 recognized subspecies of the coyote in North America, two of which are found in Kansas.

Do Coyotes Cross with Domesitic Dogs?  Occasionally, coyotes have been known to cross with domestic dogs, forming a hybrid commonly known as a coydog.  Coydogs are relatively rare in Kansas, but they are known to occur, particularly in more heavily populated areas where dogs are allowed to roam free.    Unlike many hybrids, the coydog is fertile and can reproduce.

Coyotes have been known to live 14 years in the wild and up to 21 years in captivity.  The average life-span in the wild is much shorter than that.  The average age in the wild population is 2 to 3 years.  This average is due partially to the fact that a large proportion of the coyotes die before they ever reach 1 year of age.

Coyotes are known for their howling and singing ability.  They can give a series of yips, yaps, and howls.  The coyote’s voice has a ventriloqual quality and will carry for several miles.  Coyotes are often heard howling from sunset until just after sunrise, but they can occasionally be heard during the day.

It is very difficult to eradicated established populations of coyotes.  During the late fall and winter, nature takes a heavy toll of the young.  Research shows that annual mortality for coyotes one year and older may reach 40 percent in populations not undergoing trapping or intensive artificial control.  Therefore, the high reproductive potential of coyotes under good conditions may mean that control efforts merely crop the population, taking the surplus normally lost to nature.  For that reason, trapping for pelts during fall and early winter is successful, but population control attempts at that time are practically wasted effort.  Nature is already effectively culling the population.

For more information about coyotes or working on eradicating herds of coyotes, contact Lacey Noterman, K-State Research and Extension Wild West District Livestock Agent at lnote@ksu.edu or stop by your local extension office.

Timing of Vaccinations for Calves

Posted on by Lacey Noterman

By: Lacey Noterman, District Livestock Agent

With the year we’ve all been through, most would agree that everyone have an increased awareness of how vaccinations and immunity are connected. Not only is this true for people, but it is for cattle as well, and the timing of when calves should be vaccinated will be somewhat dependent on when they will be marketed according to the experts at the Kansas State University Beef Cattle Institute.

“Vaccines are most effective when they are given a few weeks before calves are at risk for the disease,” said Brad White, veterinarian and BCI Director.

For calves that leave the farm at weaning, veterinarian Bob Larson said, they are at a greater risk for a respiratory challenge because of the trucking and co-mingling with cattle from different herds. In spring-born calves that sell at weaning, Larson advised calves be given their immunizations three to four weeks ahead of that event for maximum immunity.

“We typically vaccinate calves against the respiratory diseases of IBR and BVD,” Larson said.

For cattle that stay on the ranch past weaning, Larson and White agree that those vaccinations can be given when the calves are a little older.

“To keep the cattle healthy, it is more than just giving a vaccine, it is also about providing the cattle a good diet, and minimizing the stress of weaning. The vaccines are just one tool,” Larson said.

White added that it takes typically two to four weeks before the immunity generated through the vaccine will offer an adequate level of protection.

For those producers who choose to vaccinate the calves at weaning, Larson emphasized the importance of planning for low stress weaning. Some strategies include locating the calves and their dams across the fence from each other as well as offering the water and feed in a familiar location.

“The time to start planning for an October weaning of spring-born calves is now,” White said. “For some vaccines one dose is enough but for others a two-dose regimen is required.”

The bottom line, Larson said, is to time these immunizations to the situation.

“It is important to time the vaccinations to when the greatest risk for disease will be and often that is when there is going to be a change in their diet and an exposure to cattle from other herds,” Larson said.

For more information on this topic, contact Lacey Noterman, Wild West Extension Agent at 620-675-2261 or lnote@ksu.edu

 

Selling Eggs off the Farm

Posted on by Lacey Noterman

By: Lacey Noterman, District Livestock Extension Agent

Direct marketing of your eggs can be profitable, but it can also be time-consuming.  Be sure you have a consistent supply of high-quality eggs and the market outlets before taking on this task.

Small flock owners should consider developing a specialty egg for a niche market.  A “niche” market is generally small but more profitable. This product must be different from the ones offered in large superstores.  Examples could be organically grown eggs, free-range eggs, hand-gathered and processed eggs, or colored eggs.

Producers often underprice their eggs and fail to count all processing and marketing costs.  Base your selling price to customer on a local market or nearby graded market.  If you are selling a specialty egg, remember that consumers will expect to pay more for those eggs.  Add to this quoted market price your processing and marketing costs above production costs, plus the amount of profit you expect to make.  Cost will vary, depending on volume, type of equipment, distance from market, number of deliveries, and labor.  Do not forget, these cost are in addition to the cost of producing eggs, which includes facilities, feed and the cost of replacement stock.  Miscellaneous costs include electricity, water, refrigeration, taxes and processing equipment.

A few tips to help you sell your farm fresh eggs for more money.  Show your potential buyers how great your eggs look.  Eggs that are fresh from the farm have more vibrant yolks and look fresher than store-bought eggs.  Especially, if those chickens are eating a lot of grass, weeds, and herbs.  Try selling colored eggs by adding a pop of color to your cartons can entice buyers.  Raise some chickens that lay blue, green or cream-colored eggs.  Try raising different types of eggs.  Chicken eggs can be a dime a dozen because of the large supply available, so try something different!  Duck eggs are larger than chicken eggs and thought to be better for baking due to their higher fat content.  Quail eggs are considered a delicacy and are often pickled or used to top burgers or salads due to their smaller size.  Be sure to hand out free samples.  Studies show that someone is more likely to purchase an item if they have touched or held it.

Selling some of your eggs can be a great way to cover the cost of your feed.  An average 50-pound feed bag costs are $15 and will last thirty hens around two weeks.  If you can sell your eggs at $3/dozen you’re going to need 3 dozen eggs per week to cover the cost of the feed.

Caring for the Older Horse

Posted on by Lacey Noterman

Improvements in health care and nutrition have increased horse’s lifespans and their number of useful years.  Horses can easily be productive into their 20’s.  Their age and experience make them quite valuable for many activities.  In addition, owners may have a strong bond with their older horse they have owned for a prolonged period of time.  It is important to understand that keeping the older horse in good condition is certainly possible, but may require additional care or considerations beyond those of a younger horse.

Some horses may exhibit visible signs of aging or loss of performance earlier than others.  This can be affected by their previous use, genetics or a myriad of other environmental factors.  Owners should begin to monitor their horses more closely once they reach their late teens, with the goal of minimizing any loss of function or vitality.  The owner should be observing the horse for weigh or body condition loss; muscle mass loss, especially over the top line; alterations in fat deposition; and changes in hair coat.  Additionally, a careful record keeping system of observations should be employed.  These should include bi-monthly observations of their body condition score, their body weight, and a photographic record of the horse.

Additional measurements such as neck or belly circumference may also assist with detection of disease states such as insulin resistance.  It is often easy to miss changes when observing the animal every day, therefore comparing recorded observations is critical to detect alternations.   As the horse ages further, increase the frequency of these recordings to once a month and even every other week in the aged horses.

Horse - Wikipedia

K-State Animal Science Leadership Academy

Posted on by Lacey Noterman

High school youth are invited to apply for the K-State Animal Science Leadership Academy hosted by the Kansas State University Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, and sponsored by the Livestock and Meat Industry Council (LMIC) Inc.  The goal of this academy will be to further develop young leaders within the livestock industry and prepare them for a successful future in this field.

The four-day session will focus on increasing knowledge of Kansas’ diverse livestock industry, as well as building participant’s leadership skills.  Twenty high school students will be selected to participate based upon educational, community, and agricultural involvement, as reflected through an application process.

The 2021 academy will feature a hybrid format.  Students will participate in virtual tours and workshops throughout the week, culminating in an on-campus experience at the Department of Animal Sciences and Industry at K-State on Friday, June 18th.  No housing will be provided in 2021, and transportation to and from the event will be the responsibility of the participant.

Application Requirements:

  • Participants must be currently (as of January 1, 2021) enrolled in high school.
  • Applications must be postmarked by April 15, 2021.
  • Participants must be able to participate in the entire academy and attend all conference sessions.
  • Students must complete all areas of the application. The spacing of the application for responses must be unaltered and extra attachments will not be accepted.
  • The application should be paper clipped including application form, resume and recommendation form in sealed and signed envelope.
  • Applicants will receive an email confirmation that their application has been received by mail.
  • Please allow 2 weeks for review and selection after the April 15th

For additional information check out: https://www.asi.k-state.edu/research-and-extension/youth-programs/k-state-animal-science-leadership-academy/

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Time Management

Posted on by Lacey Noterman

By: Kristin Penner, Family Resource Management Agent

Have you ever said you wish you had more time?  Or, time sure is flying bye!

Time is a special resource because it takes time to accomplish anything. The way you manage time, like the way you manage your money, energy, and other resources, plays a large part in determining the goals you can accomplish, and the satisfaction you receive from everything you do. You really manage yourself with regard to time. There are many ways to make the most of your time.

Time is a special resource for anyone trying to meet family, work, community, and personal needs. Some say time is the most valuable of all resources because it is limited. Others think time is endless . . . thinking they can always do their tasks at another time. Most busy people have to plan carefully to meet all their time demands. Jobs, schools, and other events require you to be on time, even though you would prefer a more relaxed schedule.

Time itself is not the real problem: The key is how you use your time. Time cannot really be managed; you manage yourself in terms of time use.

THINK ABOUT TIME

Time is unique. It is the only resource every person has in equal amounts. We all have 24 hours a day.

Time is perishable. You cannot really save time. You can “lose it or use it.” A problem with time as a resource is that you cannot borrow minutes from one day and use them the next day. Although time cannot be saved, you can use your time effectively through careful planning and action.

Time is a measure. When time is discussed, many people think first of the clock. America tends to be a clock-and-calendar centered society. Being on time for work, school, and appointments, and for payments such as rents and bills, is a necessity for almost everyone today. In other cultures, time may be measured by the sun and the seasons.

Time has a dollar value. An old proverb tells us, “Time is money.” It takes time to earn money. It takes time to develop new resources. It takes time to get the most from your shopping dollar. Sometimes you choose whether to “buy time” in the form of convenience foods or household repairs.

Time has other values. We look for “quality time” to spend with children and other family members. We need time for rest, leisure, and personal renewal, as well as for friends, neighbors, and our community.

BALANCE YOUR USE OF TIME

Plan to balance your life and share time with family, friends, neighbors, and work. We all invest time, waste time, and use time. Think carefully about your use of time. Make sure you invest time in the things that are important to you.

Resource: Essential Living Skills KSRE

Methods of Pruning Shrubs

Posted on by Lacey Noterman

By Ron Honig, Horticulture and Agronomy Agent

The goal of pruning is to maintain or enhance the beauty of a shrub without harming its health. The methods used to attain this vary depending on the type and condition of the shrub and the desired look.

Following is information on pruning shrubs compiled by K-State horticulturists Ward Upham, Cheryl Boyer and Jason Griffin.

First, make sure tools are clean and sharp and take appropriate safety precautions.

When to Prune

Light pruning (where no more than 10 percent of the shrub is removed) can be done any time of year. Timing for more severe pruning is determined by when the shrub flowers. Shrubs that bloom early in the spring such as lilac, forsythia, and mock orange are often pruned immediately after flowering to preserve enjoyment of the flowers.

Shrubs that flower in summer or those grown for foliage are normally pruned early in the spring before growth begins. It is important to note whether the plant is a conifer (juniper, pine, spruce). If you cut a conifer, it may not grow back as conifers do not have dormant buds on older wood, so they do not resprout behind pruning cuts. Most broadleaved shrubs, however, resprout vigorously due to the many dormant buds along the stem.

Light Pruning

Light pruning is done to improve the attractiveness of a shrub or to control its height and can be done any time of year on most shrubs. Start by removing all dead and diseased branches. Branches that cross or are out of place are the next to go. A few older canes or branches that have lost vigor can also be removed. Do not take out more than 10 percent of a shrub when light pruning. Dead wood does not count in this 10 percent.

Shearing

Shearing is used in formal landscapes but takes a great deal of time to maintain. Homeowners are usually better served by using another pruning method. Though some shrubs tolerate shearing, most react by producing thick, new growth along the sheared edges leaving the rest of the plant looking thin and sparse. Even shrubs adapted to shearing will have lower branches die or thin unless the lower portions of the shrub are maintained wider at the base than the top to avoid shading. Examples of shrubs that are often sheared include boxwood, juniper, and arborvitae.

Heading Back

When heading back, excessively long canes are cut back to a side branch or bud to reduce overall height. This method encourages new growth to appear just inside the pruning cut and gives the shrub a fuller, more pleasing effect. Examples of plants that can benefit from heading back include azaleas, roses, and junipers.

Thinning

Thinning is when canes are removed to reduce height and open the plant to encourage more interior growth. Older, less vigorous canes are removed first. Cut canes to be removed at ground level. Examples include forsythia, lilac, crape myrtle, and bayberry. Many shrubs benefit from a combination of heading back and thinning cuts.

Renewal (Rejuvenation) Pruning

Shrubs will sometimes become so overgrown that thinning will not be adequate. Some shrubs tolerate renewal pruning in which all growth is taken back to about 6-inch stubs. This type of pruning is a stress to the plant and should be done in very early spring before the new growth starts. Regrowth from spring pruning will be rapid and will soon cover the stubs.

Flowering shrubs normally do not flower the year following renewal pruning. Conifer shrubs such as juniper and pines do not respond well to renewal pruning and are best removed and replaced if they outgrow their space.

Shrubs that tolerate the severe rejuvenation pruning include lilac, forsythia, barberry, sweet mock orange, scarlet firethorn, spirea, viburnums, weigela, and yew.

108th Cattlemen’s Day

Posted on by Lacey Noterman

By:  Lacey Noterman, Livestock Agent

On Friday, March 5, 2021, the Department of Animal Sciences & Industry at Kansas State University will proudly continue its tradition of the KSU Cattlemen’s Day. Unfortunately, due to continued concerns around the COVID-19 situation, event size limitations, and standing by the department’s commitment to keeping the safety of participants as its top priority, it was decided to not host the trade show in 2021 and the program has been moved online.

“We’re excited to host the 108th KSU Cattlemen’s Day,” says Ken Odde, K-State professor and Cattlemen’s Day co-chairman. “Although COVID-19 restrictions have led us to transition this year’s event online, we are excited about the lineup of speakers and the topics they will address. Our annual program strives to address key issues and provide current information that keeps our industry efficient and relevant. This year’s featured speakers — Dr. Jayson Lusk, Jason Rumley and Robert Norris — will summarize how the COVID-19 pandemic affected the U.S. beef industry from the producer and processor and beyond.”

The program will include the latest information to help you understand the significant changes occurring in the beef industry.  COVID-19 has had a huge impact, and this year’s Cattlemen’s Day program will examine these impacts on beef producers, processors, foodservice and retail segments of the industry.

Registration is free.  To register go to: asi.ksu.edu/CattlemensDay Please be sure to register prior to March 5th.  For more information, please contact Lacey Noterman, Wild West Extension District Livestock Agent, at 620-675-2261 or lnote@ksu.edu

 

How Much Meat to Expect from Your Animal

Posted on by Lacey Noterman

By: Lacey Noterman, Livestock Extension Agent

Have you ever taken your steer to the butcher at 1,300 pounds and been disappointed when you only got 500 pounds of cut and packaged beef?  You are not alone, there are many consumers are unaware of the steps in animal processing that result in changes in product weight.

The first step is to convert the live animal to a carcass.  The amount of the live animal to a carcass.  The amount of the live animal’s weight represented by the carcass, or dressing percentage, can be calculated as follows:

Dressing percentage: (carcass weight/live weight) x 100

Next, the animal’s blood, hide, and internal organs are removed, which results in weight loss.  The amount of weight lost is highly variable and can be affected by many characteristics, including:

  • Mud or manure on the hide of the animal
  • The amount of food in the animal’s stomach
  • Bruises that must be trimmed from the carcass

The dressing percentage varies for each species because animals carry body weight differently.  Pork has the highest dressing percentage (70-75%) because skin and feet remain on the carcass.  Hogs are monogastrics meaning they have a single-compartment stomach, which results in less weight compared to cattle that a 4-compartment stomach.  Lambs have the lowest dressing percentage (54-59%) because of their heavy hides and less muscling on the carcass.  The beef dressing percentage (60-64%) fall between pork and lamb.

Estimating the carcass weight of an animal is fairly easy because the process is standard across the industry.  Predicting the weight returned as cuts of meat is much more difficult.  A carcass can be processed into cuts (steaks, roasts, and ground meat) in multiple ways.  The final weight varies depending on the processing style and cuts requested.  Customers have many options and may be able to customize their order, adding even more variability to the equation.  Here are a few choices that can affect the weight of the finished product:

  • Bone-in vs boneless cuts: Removing the bone results in less weight returned as product.
  • Fat percentage in the ground product: A leaner product produces fewer pounds of ground meat.
  • Aging: Longer aging periods improve meat tenderness but lead to moisture loss and less weight returned.
  • Type of aging (dry-aged vs wet-aged): Dry-aged products result in more moisture loss due to dehydration and additional trimming losses due to surface crust removal.
  • Further processing: Having cuts processed into cooked sausages, hams, bacon, corned beef, and similar products results in fewer pounds of returned product of the moisture lost during the cooking process.

 

Citizenship in Action

Posted on by Lacey Noterman

By: Devin Ramsey, 4-H and Youth Development Agent

Do you have a child that is interested in learning more about government and laws? Have them attend Citizenship In Action. This is a great event sponsored by Kansas 4-H Youth Leadership Council. The purpose of this two-day event is for Kansas youth to learn how the state legislative process works and how they can make a difference in their communities. Normally this event takes place in person in Topeka so that the youth can see the capitol building but this year it is going to be virtual.

CIA is February 14th-15th youth must be 13-18 years old before January 1, 2021. Youth do not need to be in 4-H to participate. You must register by February 1st there is a small fee to help cover costs of $35 this will include a t-shirt. To find out more and to register check out the Citizenship In Action event page here https://www.kansas4-h.org/events-activities/conferences-events/citizenship-in-action/index.html. Or contact your local extension for any other questions you may have.

Proper Vaccine Storage and Handling

Posted on by Lacey Noterman

As a producer, you should make it a priority to establish a relationship with your veterinarian.  A lot of vaccines and medications require a prescription.  Once you have your animal health products, read the label to find the proper storage temperatures.  Storage is extremely important to ensure the effectiveness of the vaccine.  Make sure you have a process in place to keep the products at the proper temperature from the time of arrival to the actual use of the product.

It is critical, especially for products requiring refrigeration that the medication is kept at the appropriate temperatures.  When storing your products in the refrigerator it is recommended to have a thermometer in the refrigerator to monitor the temperature.  The University of Nevada conducted research on 20 ranches and 4 feed stores.  Through that research, 25% of the refrigerators failed to maintain vaccines in the safe zone (35 degrees – 45 degrees F).  Be sure to make it a priority to double check the temperature of your refrigerator periodically.

Processing and treatment records should be kept with each product.  These records should include: date given, animal or group, products utilized, dose and withdrawal time.  Everything should be recorded every time you administer an animal health product.  It’s also a good idea to record the lot number on the vaccine.   If there happens to be an issue with injection sites, blemishes, or reactions it’s important for you to reference to those records as well as your veterinarian.

When handling vaccines at the chute, make sure you protect the vaccines from sunlight.  Coolers with ice packs are a good way to help protect them from the sunlight and still keep them cool.  Make sure you have a barrier between the vaccine and the ice pack so the vaccine doesn’t accidentally freeze or get too cold.  It’s important if you’re working in the winter months that you don’t let your vaccine freeze.

Do not mix different vaccines together.  Only mix vaccines that are required to be, such as modified live products.  Be sure to only mix enough vaccine that you can use up in one hour.  If it’s mixed for over an hour, the live virus will start to break down and the vaccine will not work properly.  Be sure to keep your vaccine thoroughly mixed.  Make sure the vaccine stays mixed and is not separated when drawing up for use. If using modified live vaccines, make sure to use a transfer needle and to enter the diluent first.  After re-hydrating, gently roll.  Do not shake the bottle.

Mark syringes for different vaccines to prevent a mix up.  A piece of tape around the syringe with the drug name is one way or colored tape abound the bottle matching the colored tape around the syringe.  Be sure to always use products from the original container and never re-enter a bottle with a used needle.  Make sure to keep equipment clean.  DO NOT use disinfectant with modified live or killed vaccines as it can cause damage to the vaccine.

 

So You Want to be a Goat Rancher?

Posted on by Lacey Noterman

By: Lacey Noterman, Livestock Extension Agent

The meat goat industry is an expanding U.S. business.  Estimates indicate approximately 50 million pounds of goat meat are consumed each year.  Imports from other countries total 23.7 million pounds.

The increasing popularity of goats is due to serval reasons.  The biggest reason is the increased demand.  A large number of ethnic groups whose members prefer goat meat have settled in the U.S. Outside of the U.S., goat meat is the meat protein highest in demand.  Another reason is the attraction of goat production as a sustainable enterprise for producers.  Goats can be a very profitable enterprise for producers with limited resources, time, and capital.

One type of enterprise to raise goats is for brush control: to clean up woody areas.  Producers who use goats for brush control generally are not concerned about overall goat production.  They only are interested in the effectiveness of goats in controlling or removing brushy plant material.

Another type is multi-species grazing operation.  This producer would start a goat operation to compliment other animal enterprises, normally cattle.  When goats are grazed simultaneously with cattle, a higher percentage of the pasture production is utilized.  Goats typically eat weeds and forbs that cows will not eat, which leaves the grass for the cows.

A third type would be raising purebred meat goats and or show goats, such as the Boer goat.  Although this type of operation seems to be the most profitable due to the higher prices received for such animals, it is also the type of operation with the highest start-up costs and the highest percentage of failure. These producers typically are required to purchase higher-priced full-blood does and bucks for this type of operation.

The final type is a commercial meat goat operation.  This type of operation, the goal should be to produce the optimal number of goats to maximize profits.  The optimal number of goats will depend on the resources available.

To determine which operation is the best for an individual producer, the critical factors are the producer’s needs, objectives and resources.  Resources such as available land, capital, management capabilities, fencing, and marketing channels all need to be evaluated.  Once the producer’s resources are determined and matched with the production goals, a long-term business plan can be developed.

For more information about starting your own goat operation, contact Lacey Noterman with the K-State Research and Extension Wild West Extension District.  Feel free to stop at your local Extension Office or email lnote@ksu.edu.

 

Processing Deer at Home

Posted on by Lacey Noterman

By: Lacey Noterman, Livestock Extension Agent

White tailed deer hunting in United States - BookYourHunt.com

Venison can be delicious meat.  A great deal of your family’s acceptance and enjoyment of venison will depend on how it is cut up and cooked.  So while you are out filling your deer tags, it is important to reserve your spot at the locker for processing.  This year you might struggle trying to find lockers that still have open spots.  Click on the link below to see the available deer processors in Kansas.

https://agriculture.ks.gov/docs/default-source/default-document-library/2020-kansas-deer-processors09a1f1002e6262e1aa5bff0000620720.pdf?sfvrsn=d8c393c1_0

COVID-19 has brought lots of challenges for meat processors that are still trying to catch up from a backlog that came when large facilities closed because of virus outbreaks.  Whether you are looking for new options because the local butcher is booked, or you want to try your hands at new skills, processing meat at home could be a new option.

By processing your deer at home, you control the final product.  You can cut, package, and label each steak, sausage, or package of ground venison to your liking.  Before diving into this process you need to have all the right tools.  Below are valuable websites to assist with the proper process, and handling of processed wild game.

https://www.ksre.k-state.edu/foodsafety/topics/animal.html#game

https://nchfp.uga.edu/tips/fall/venison.html

https://www.ag.ndsu.edu/publications/food-nutrition/wild-side-of-the-menu-no-2-field-to-freezer

https://www.ag.ndsu.edu/publications/food-nutrition/from-field-to-table-a-pocket-guide-for-the-care-and-handling-of-deer-and-elk

Holiday Shopping online?  Tips on how to keep your financial information safe.

Posted on by Lacey Noterman

By: Kristin Penner, Family Resource Management Extension Agent

For many shoppers, Cyber Monday kicks off the online holiday season.  For some online thieves, ‘tis the season to take advantage of so many people shopping online.  This year due to Covid-19 people are taking to the internet to complete their Christmas shopping safely.  But, are you making sure you are also protecting yourself from Identity theft?

Here are a few tips to help you shop safely this holiday season:

  • Set strong passwords for you accounts. Do not use the same password for multiple accounts.  If they hack one account, they can hack all your accounts.
  • Shop on sites where the web address begins with “https;” the “s” is for secure communications over the computer network.
  • Do not shop on unprotected Wi-Fi
  • Shop at familiar online retailers
  • Do not open links or attachments on suspicious emails.
  • Limit the amount of personal information you give out.

Source: Federal Trade Commission  https://www.consumer.ftc.gov/articles/0020-shopping-online

Finishing Those Last – Minute Garden Chores

Posted on by Lacey Noterman

By Ron Honig, Crops and Horticulture Agent

If you are like me, you are being forced to turn the corner and head toward winter, but still have a list of fall projects waiting to be completed. My short list includes tilling some peat moss and manure into the garden and a new flowerbed I’m trying to develop, planting a few bulbs that still need a home in the ground, collecting flower seeds from my dried plants before cutting them down and mulching around a few young trees.

We won’t even talk about the rest of the list like staining a couple new gates, searching for the leak in my sprinkler system or pouring a footer under the fence.  Apparently, some projects are just going to have to be rolled into spring.

So, what can we finish up here at the last minute?

Planting Fall Bulbs

Spring flowering bulbs we plant in the fall will winter better in the soil then trying to hold them another year.  We may not have time to work the bed under the bulbs adding organic matter and fertilizer, but we can at least turn the soil a few times with a shovel and get the bulbs in the soil before winter.  We may be wearing a heavy coat and using a flashlight, but we can probably get this chore done.  The soil is still fairly warm so we may get some root growth on the bulbs before complete winter dormancy.  Be sure to plant at the proper depth.

Cleaning Off Old Crop Residue

Depending on what you grow in your garden, it can be important to rake up the old plant stems, leaves, and discarded fruit, and then dispose of them to reduce disease and insect problems next year.  Old squash and pumpkin residue can harbor squash bugs through the winter.  Tomato plants and fruit can over-winter disease spores for next years crop.  Tilling them into the soil certainly helps but a combination of removing residue and with potential problems and tilling the finer remaining residue under the soil can provide double protection.

Tilling Organic Matter into the Garden

If you are person that likes to till their garden in the fall, there is still time to make that happen.   I piled some “clean” grass clippings mixed with leaves on the edge of my garden to incorporate into the soil.  If you are done mowing for the year, maybe there are still some leaves scattered around that could be raked up and tilled or spaded into the soil.  Adding store-bought organic matter such as peat moss is great also if you have time gather the ingredients.  If not, just work with what is readily available.

Don’t Let Free Seed Go to Waste  

If you have flowers that produced seed, there is still time to gather some of it up for use in the future.  Label some plastic sandwich bags with the flower’s name and store the bags in the refrigerator if you have room or in the garage.  If you punch a few holes in the plastic bags, it helps equalize the moisture so the seeds don’t mold.

Once you have all the seed you need, leave the rest for the birds to clean up.

Fertilizing Cool-Season Lawns

A late-fall application of nitrogen to cool-season grasses, such as fescues, feeds the roots without stimulating new growth.  The grass roots will continue to be active in the relatively warm soil after the top-growth has slowed for the winter season.  An application of 1 to 1 ½ pounds of actual nitrogen per 1,000 square feet of lawn can help keep your lawn fed during the winter and promote an earlier, more even green-up in the spring.

Since this application is feeding the roots during the winter, there is still time to make this application and hopefully we get some moisture to carry the nitrogen into the soil.  A light watering by hand can help move the fertilizer into the soil as well.

Last weekend we had a light rain shower move into the area.  I pulled out my fertilizer spreader in hopes of getting enough rain to water in my nitrogen without having to start up water.  I spread my fertilizer in the rain on one last zone of my lawn I hadn’t fertilized yet.  But unfortunately, the rain finished about the same time I did so I’m hoping the snow is heavy enough to finish the job.

Either way, that chore got completed and scratched off the list.

Field to Table

Posted on by Lacey Noterman

By: Nancy Honig, Adult Development and Aging Extension Agent

The bright orange colors visible around the area let us know pheasant season is in full swing, and deer season is just around the corner. For those who like to hunt and prepare wild game, here are some tips to make sure you are keeping it safe and delicious throughout the process.

The most important part is to process your game correctly in the field. Below is a link with great information about proper field dressing, as well as additional information on care, cookery (which includes recipes), and food preservation methods for game.

Once you have gotten your meat home you need to decide if you are going to eat it immediately, freeze it for later, or preserve it.

Continue reading “Field to Table” →

4-H Project Foods and Nutrition

Posted on by Lacey Noterman

By: Devin Ramsey, 4-H and Youth Development Extension Agent

Since we have talked about what 4-H is and the roles that an adult plays, let’s talk about the different projects the 4-H has to offer.  Let’s start out with one of the most popular projects Foods and Nutrition. Most people when they think of foods and nutrition when it comes to 4-H is baked goods exhibited at the fair but it is so much more than that. You can take much more than baked goods to be exhibited at the fair. You can do canned goods which would include jam, jelly, salsa, etc.. An educational poster about anything food related, or even a food gift package. Plus, so much more.

But that is only talking about the exhibits at the fair, we must talk about what participating in the foods project teaches the 4-H’ers. From starting out learning basic food safety and how to properly measure ingredients. Then advancing throughout the years to learn how to make yeast breads and pies. 4-H’ers even learn how to prepare a meal and how that would fit in MyPlate. So then they can really start helping you in the kitchen at home.

Check out this great resource from Kansas 4-H to learn more https://bookstore.ksre.ksu.edu/pubs/4H1112.pdf. If you are interested in joining 4-H please contact any of the Wild West District Extension Offices.

Advice for Selecting your Next Show Heifer or Steer

Posted on by Lacey Noterman

By: Lacey Noterman, Livestock Extension Agent

You’ve decided you want to show a steer or heifer, and it is prime time to start the selection and purchase process for your new project.  There are so many resources out there about sales.  There are magazines nearly two inches thick promoting every show steer open house, you start looking at online sales, and then you start hearing about the sales that are taking place in your area.  It is easy to become overwhelmed with so many options.  Before you become overwhelmed go back and think about the basics and following these three main factors when it comes to selection.

Continue reading “Advice for Selecting your Next Show Heifer or Steer” →

Protecting Tree Health Through the Winter

Posted on by Lacey Noterman

By: Ron Honig, Crop Production and Horticulture Extension Agent

As temperatures have cooled, water demand in our lawns and acreages has dropped off significantly. Warm season grasses have gone dormant and our cool-season grasses have slowed their growth to the point of needing only one last mowing.

For our trees and shrubs, however, watering now is important if soils are dry to help alleviate moisture stress. Making sure trees go into the winter with adequate moisture to draw on is important for maintaining tree health. Many of the tree problems I observed in the last few years can be traced back to environmental stress and much of that stress is related to winter neglect or drought conditions.

Continue reading “Protecting Tree Health Through the Winter” →

Black Friday Shopping on a Budget

Posted on by Lacey Noterman

By: Kristin Penner, Family Resource Management Extension Agent

As the Holidays are quickly approaching are you starting to plan for your holiday shopping?  Black Friday shopping is one of the most popular shopping day/days of the year, but it can also lead to financial strain for some.

Due to Covid 19 Black Friday will look a little different as sale prices have already started hitting in-store and online.  The pandemic does not seem to be discouraging Americans from spending this year, this could be due to the popularity of online sales.  According to Small Business Trends 42% of Americans plan to spend $500 on Black Friday Sales.

Continue reading “Black Friday Shopping on a Budget” →

4-H Volunteers

Posted on by Lacey Noterman

By: Devin Ramsey, 4-H and Youth Development Extension Agent

 

4-H may be a youth organization, but it doesn’t function without a lot of help from adult volunteers and 4-H parents. Parents and volunteers play a vital role in a 4-H’ers journey.

Parents are most important in their 4-H’ers life and by making 4-H a family event it can be even more fun. Plus parents will understand more about was expected of their children in 4-H and learn more about what is expected of them. It’s important for parents to take interest in their child’s 4-H projects to be able to assist them as needed. Learn what 4-H is and how it can better their child in the future. Also be encouraging for their child to try new things in such a safe environment. But parents aren’t not always able to do and know everything that is where our amazing volunteers come in.

4-H volunteers are not always 4-H parents. They might of been former 4-H’ers that just have a passion for a specific and have a desire to teach youth. Or even community members will be project leaders. With so many projects available in 4-H there is no way to have all the information so that is why we rely on volunteers.

If you have a passion about 4-H and its projects but just aren’t sure what being a project leader would entail, please contact the extension office to learn more.